Sketchup Pro 2022 Full Crack (Win/Mac)

Email is the most famous and easy way to communicate with people on the internet and email clients are only the sources to send or receive any message online. In these days, there are many email applications available but most of the people and organizations either use Microsoft Outlook or Mac Outlook. Both email clients support different file formats. Windows Outlook saves its data in PST format and Mac Outlook uses OLM file format. Read to know how to download OLM to PST Converter Crack without any complications.

But, there is no any similarity and compatibility between these formats, PST file is easily accessible in Mac OS but the OLM file cannot be used in Windows platform. Thus, many time people require converting their OLM file to PST format. Free download OLM to PST converter Software from here without any form requisition.

To perform this task successfully, users are searching for a perfect third-party utility like OLM to PST Converter crack. However, there are also many users who are looking for Mac OLM Converter Full Version Free Download Crack. Thus, in this article, we are going to tell you that how to download OLM files to PST Converter crack full version.

Download OLM to PST Converter Crack Pro &#; Users Queries

“I use Mac Outlook for mailing purpose in my office. But, at home, I do not have Mac machine so I work on the Windows operating system. Due to some reasons, now I need to access my official emails at home. As I know the manual method of OLM to PST migration is not an efficient solution. So, I need a reliable professional OLM to PST Converter Pro crack. When I asked to my friend, then he suggests me to download Mac Outlook OLM into PST Converter Crack version. But, I do not know how to download OLM data into PST Converter Crack. If anyone knows the method, then please instruct me the process to get the crack version of OLM Converter tool.”

“Most of the time, I got OLM file that I need to read. But, I do not have a Mac machine so, I require to migrate the OLM file to PST format. Then, I tried some manual methods for the same and found them risky and complicated. After a lot of research, I came to know about OLM Converter Crack download. But, I did not get any accurate link to download the OLM to PST conversion full version Crack. Can you please tell me how I can use OLM to PST  converterCrack version? Your any help would be appreciated!!”

There are many users who have asked the same queries like the above-discussed problem. However, downloading the OLM Converter of crack version is really a good idea. But, it has some demerits. So, after knowing the shortcomings of the crack version of OLM Converter tool, users must think twice before downloading any cracked software. Hence, we have also covered the issues with download OLM to PST converter full version crack in the upcoming section.

Things You Should Know While Downloading OLM to PST Converter Pro Crack Full Version

Prone to Damage: The cracked version of OLM file to PST Converter tool can be easily corrupted. Sometimes, it crashes the present window and deletes all the unsaved data. Moreover, you are not allowed to complain about this problem because you had downloaded the OLM to Converter Crack tool, which is not original software.
Include Bugs: If you have Mac Outlook OLM to PST Conversion Full Version Free Download crack software, then there are chances that it contains bugs. These bugs force you to remove any other genuine program that is installed on your system. If you do not delete the program, it will display warning messages regularly that could be irritating for you.
Contain Spyware & Malware:  Mac OLM file to PST Converter full version crack software includes various types of spyware and malware that are automatically downloaded with the cracked software. After installing the cracked tool, these malwares get activated and start infecting your system. Also, it will also threat your sensitive credentials such as username, account number, password etc.
Slow Performance: The cracked version of Mac OLM to PST Converter tool may not work effectively and efficiently like the full version of OLM Outlook for Mac to PST Converter software. When you use the cracked version of OLM Converter full version software for migration, it provides wrong output or results without any accuracy.
Cannot be Upgraded: The Mac OLM into PST Converter Ultimate Crack tool does not provide the upgrade feature. If you will not do get the important updates that are necessary for proper functioning of software, then there are chances to file corruption or permanent data loss.

Ways To Download OLM Files to PST Converter Full Version Crack Pro That You Never Thought Possible!

You can easily download the full version of SysTools OLM Converter from the official site of SysTools. The SysTools Outlook Mac Exporter software is available in two different versions; Demo and Licensed version. Users can directly download the free demo version of OLM to PST Converter tool but it is capable to export only emails of OLM file. Hence, you can purchase the licensed version of OLM Converter tool and convert OLM files to PST format without any file number restrictions. For more information: delsacollection.com

Some other Resources to Download OLM into PST Converter Ultimate Crack

You can also download the licensed and secure version of SysTools OLM to PST Converter tool from various resources, like:

1. Download Outlook Mac Exporter Full Version Crack From Here

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2. Get OLM to PST Converter Ultimate Crack From Here:

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3. Download OLM to PST Converter Pro Crack From here:

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The Ultimate Cheat Sheet on How to Download SysTools Outlook Mac Exporter Full Crack

These are some serial keys by using this, a user can move to the licensed version of SysTools OLM to PST Converter tool from the demo version:

1. r9ed9bea0rbadee08d
2. a0fd0b3e-1e4arahff10f
3. h1qa0f2h-5f6iulrai12v
4. u3sg6z3g-8j6gramqx23b
5. l2dm39k-3s8eltydn

Features of SysTools Outlook Mac Exporter Full Version Crack

1. Export OLM file to PST, MBOX, MSG, EML, and EMLX file format
2. Allows converting emails from Mac Outlook to Windows Outlook
3. Provides an Add Folder option to migrate Mac OLM files in batch
4. Offers a date-based filter to transfer selective data from OLM file
5. Maintain on-disk folder hierarchy same as original after conversion
6. Compatible with OLM file of both Mac Outlook & version

Conclusion

People can easily store the backup of Mac Outlook OLM file with the help of OLM to PST Converter Pro tool. Thus, there are many users who search for SysTools Outlook Mac Exporter full version crack. But, still some people search for OLM file to PST Converter crack for Windows. However, the cracked version has some limitations and it is not safe and reliable. Therefore, users can download OLM Converter Full Version crack on his own responsibility & risk. Moreover, it can be downloaded from different websites that are discussed in this blog.

Published by Justin Hansen

I am working as a Data Analyst for a big MNC. Apart from this, I am a professional blogger and love to write about technology blogs. View all posts by Justin Hansen

After testing every free password manager I could find, there are only a few that I think are actually decent.

A lot of free password managers are really bad — some of them are super buggy, some of them are ineffective, and some of them are actually just spyware designed to steal all of your passwords. And built-in password managers from Apple and Chrome might be convenient, but they don’t have high levels of security and they don’t offer multi-platform support.

Many of the best password managers offer free versions, but most of them hit you with so many paywalls that they basically become useless. The unfortunate truth is that if you’re looking for the best features, the strongest security protections, and the most helpful customer support, you’ll have to spend a little bit of cash.

Personally, I would never leave my sensitive data on a free password manager. If you’re like me and don’t want to deal with the hassles and limitations of a free password manager, a low-cost premium password manager like Dashlane is always the better choice.

However, there are some really good free password managers that offer powerful password security, good user interfaces, and some nice extra features. I spent the last month testing out free password managers on my PC, iPhone, MacBook, and Android to find the best free password managers in

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&#;1. Dashlane — Best Overall Free Password Manager in

Dashlane is my favorite free password manager in It’s secure, comes with more features than most competitors, and is easy to use across all devices, operating systems, and browsers. Its free plan has many of the features included in the premium plan, and it lets you store unlimited passwords on 1 device.

Dashlane Free includes a better set of extras than most competing password managers, including:

• Auto-save and auto-fill. Dashlane securely auto-fills both login forms and payment information.
• Password sharing. Allows you to share an unlimited number of passwords with other Dashlane users.
• Password auditing. Shows which of your saved passwords are weak, reused, or compromised. I especially like that you can exclude some of your passwords from the overall password security score, which is useful if you want to only audit specific logins.
• Breach notifications. Provides immediate alerts if any of your saved logins show up in a data breach.
• Emergency access. Grants a trusted user access to your account in case you lose your master password or are unable to log in for any reason. Dashlane is the only password manager on this list that includes full emergency access on its free plan.
• TOTP authenticator. Generates and stores time-based one-time (TOTP) passwords for accounts with two-factor authentication (2FA).

Dashlane’s free plan is very good, but upgrading to Dashlane Premium brings you multi-device sync, dark web monitoring, and even a virtual private network (VPN). Dashlane is the only password manager on the market with a bundled VPN, which is secure, fast, and works with streaming sites like Netflix.

You can get Dashlane Premium at a 25% discount if you enter SAFETYD25 at checkout, so it’s only $ / month, which is a pretty good deal for such a functional password manager. Families should check out Dashlane Friends & Family, which adds up to 10 users for $ / month. All of Dashlane’s premium plans include a risk-free day money-back guarantee.

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&#;2. 1Password — Feature-Rich & Great for Families (But It’s Not Free)

1Password has a ton of high-security features, an intuitive dashboard, and affordable plans for both individuals and families. Unfortunately, 1Password doesn’t actually have a free version like Dashlane or the other password managers on my list. But it has a day trial, so you can test all of its features risk-free and see if it’s right for you.

1Password is one of the most feature-rich password managers on the market, and all of its features are easy to use and work as promised.

I really like 1Password’s Watchtower feature, which analyzes the entire password vault for weak or repeated passwords and also monitors the dark web for breached logins. I also like 1Password’s unique Travel Mode, which lets you hide one or more of your logins when crossing borders.

And I think 1Password has some of the best 2FA options on the market — it integrates seamlessly with one-time password apps like Google Authenticator and USB keys like YubiKey, it’s compatible with biometric scanners, and it has a built-in 2FA authenticator.

At $ / month, 1Password for individuals is a really good value, costing less than what most top competitors charge for fewer features — but it’s a shame the plan lacks emergency access, an advanced security feature Dashlane includes in its free plan. And 1Password Families is my favorite family password manager, covering up to 5 members for $ / month and allowing you to add as many new members as you want for a really small fee (no other password manager offers this kind of flexibility for families).

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&#;3. LastPass — Unlimited Passwords on Either Desktop or Mobile

LastPass is one of the rare password managers that provide unlimited logins and unlimited devices on its free plan — but you have to choose between syncing passwords on computers or mobile devices. If you want to sync all of your passwords across all of your desktop and mobile devices, you’ll need to upgrade to the paid version.

That said, you get lots of good features with LastPass Free. It has good auto-filling capabilities, a built-in authenticator, and 2FA compatibility. I especially like its built-in authenticator (called LastPass Authenticator), which lets you log into accounts with 2FA instead of having to sign into a separate authenticator app.

It’s also great that LastPass’s free plan comes with one-to-one password sharing, which allows users to share passwords, notes, and credit card information with one other LastPass user. There’s also password auditing, which lets you check how secure your stored passwords are.

Unfortunately, LastPass Free doesn’t come with emergency access — Dashlane includes it in its free plan, and 1Password includes it in its 1Password Families plan (which comes with a day free trial).

While LastPass Free provides just about everything you could want in a password manager, upgrading to LastPass Premium adds some pretty good features. For just $ / month, you get unlimited access across all devices, biometric MFA, one-to-many sharing, emergency access, and dark web monitoring.

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4. Avira Password Manager Free — Unlimited Password Storage Across Unlimited Devices

Avira Password Manager Free allows users to sync unlimited passwords across unlimited devices — so it’s perfect for people with tens or hundreds of passwords and tons of devices. The free plan also has 2FA compatibility (including biometric logins), and there’s also a good built-in authenticator.

While Avira Password Manager’s free version is pretty limited when compared to Dashlane or LastPass, it’s one of the most intuitive options on the market. During my tests, the app was able to generate passwords, save logins to my vault, and auto-fill saved logins with just a few clicks. I was able to easily import my saved passwords from Chrome to Avira, and the app automatically synced all of my passwords between my desktop and mobile devices.

Users looking for additional security features can upgrade to Avira’s paid app, which also includes data breach monitoring, password vault auditing, and priority customer support, for just $ / month. If you also need a good antivirus, you can bundle Avira Password Manager with Avira’s premium antivirus software. All yearly purchases come with a risk-free day money-back guarantee.

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Read our full Avira Password Manager review >

5. RoboForm — Easy to Use With an Excellent Form Filler

RoboForm Free is secure, intuitive, and comes with the best form filler on the market — most password managers store and fill simple web forms, but RoboForm’s form filler is able to fill out even the most advanced web forms with perfect accuracy.

RoboForm Free also offers unlimited password storage and includes password auditing, bookmarks storage, and emergency access. But, unlike Dashlane, RoboForm’s emergency access only lets you receive emergency access, not grant it to others.

Unfortunately, RoboForm Free only covers a single device, and it’s missing 2FA options. To get access to multi-platform support, 2FA, cloud backup, and a secure folder for sharing logins, you need to upgrade to RoboForm Everywhere ($ / month). Families should take a look at RoboForm Everywhere Families that covers up to 5 users for $ / year. Both of RoboForm’s paid plans are significantly more affordable than competing brands with a similar set of tools.

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Read our full RoboForm review >

6. Sticky Password — High Browser Compatibility + Portable USB Version

Sticky Password Free offers unlimited password storage on unlimited devices, but it doesn’t sync between devices, like LastPass and Avira Password Manager do. That said, unlike most password managers that are only compatible with the most popular browsers, Sticky Password works on 10+ browsers, including specialized ones like Pale Moon and Seamonkey.

On Windows, Sticky Password Free also includes USB portability — you can download your vault to a USB drive to access Sticky Password on any Windows PC. This is especially valuable for students and travelers who need to access their online accounts on different computers.

I also like that the free plan includes biometric logins, so you can use a fingerprint or face scan to access your password vault on any device that supports biometric scanning.

On the other hand, Sticky Password’s free plan doesn’t include password sharing.Dashlane’s free version lets you securely share an unlimited number of passwords with friends, family, or work colleagues.

Upgrading to Sticky Password Premium ($ / year), adds syncing between multiple devices, password sharing, and secure cloud backup. Plus, a portion of every purchase goes to a non-profit dedicated to saving manatees!

Download Sticky Password Free

Read our full Sticky Password review >

7. Bitwarden — Open-Source Option With Unlimited Password Storage

Bitwarden Free provides unlimited password storage and covers an unlimited number of devices.Avira Password Manager is the only other % free password manager on this list that also does that (LastPass also lets you store unlimited passwords, but only on mobile or desktop devices).

Bitwarden is open-source, which means that its source code is freely available online, so anyone can inspect it to make sure it’s free of vulnerabilities. It’s also great that Bitwarden has been independently audited and verified — it makes it easy to trust this provider.

But Bitwarden isn’t very user friendly, so it’s not great for beginners. While it’s much harder to use than competitors like Dashlane and 1Password, it may be a good option for tech-savvy users looking for a highly customizable password manager.

In addition, Bitwarden’s auto-save and auto-fill are pretty inconsistent. I spent a lot of time editing my password vault and manually entering new logins because Bitwarden had trouble properly saving and auto-filling my passwords.

Upgrading to Bitwarden’s premium version, which costs just $ / year, gives you access to some great security features — biometric 2FA, password auditing tools, and encrypted storage.

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Read our full Bitwarden review >

Comparison of the Best Free Password Managers in

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How to Choose the Best Free Password Manager for Your Needs in

• Free access. The password manager should either have a free plan or a free trial that allows you to test most of its features. For example, Dashlane has a free plan, while 1Password has a free day trial.
• Security. I only recommend free password managers that use bit AES encryption and provide zero-knowledge architecture. Some of my top picks (like Dashlane, 1Password, and LastPass) also include support for two-factor authentication (2FA).
• Features. Password managers usually hide their best features behind a paywall, but all of the password managers on my list have free plans that include basic password management features like secure password generation and auto-save and auto-fill. And some even have extra features like password auditing, password sharing, and biometric logins.
• Performance. All the free password managers on my list are able to generate secure passwords without any issues, and almost all of them are able to consistently auto-save and auto-fill logins.
• Ease of use. If a password manager is hard to use, then it’s not good. The products on my list make it easy to detect and save new passwords, auto-fill saved logins, generate passwords, and edit password vault settings.
• Customer support. All my top picks provide really good customer support via helpful, in-depth support libraries, active forums, or responsive email support.
• Great pricing. If the password manager has paid plans, they should be affordable and provide great value by adding helpful extra features. Plus, some password managers even come with money-back guarantees — for example, Dashlane backs each purchase with a day money-back guarantee.

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Risks & Disadvantages of Using a Free Password Manager

I usually recommend avoiding free password managers because most aren’t safe to use — they usually lack strong encryption, have exploitable security flaws, and don’t have zero-knowledge protocols (which means the password manager could access your password).

But there are also good free password managers out there, like the ones on my list. They all provide industry-standard features like bank-grade encryption, auto-save and auto-fill capabilities, and secure password generation.

But most of them also lack important extra features like password sharing (lets you securely share logins with trusted contacts), password vault auditing (checks how strong your passwords are and if they were leaked), and dark web monitoring (alerts you if your accounts were leaked in a data breach).

While all of the free password managers on this list are good, they still have noticeable limitations — for example, Dashlane Free only allows you to use 1 device, and Avira Password Manager Free doesn’t include comprehensive password security audits or account breach alerts.

If you’re looking for the best protection for all of your passwords, you’ll need to pay for a premium password manager. But the good news is that high-quality password managers are pretty affordable — for instance, Dashlane Premium is available for only $ / month, and 1Password Personal only costs $ / month. Plus, most top password managers come with a free trial or a generous money-back guarantee (Dashlane has a day free trial and a day money-back guarantee, and 1Password provides a free day trial).

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Free vs. Paid Password Managers

While free password managers like Dashlane, LastPass, and Avira Password Manager can help you securely manage your passwords, their free plans either don’t provide access to helpful extra features or come with inconvenient limitations. For example, Dashlane’s free plan limits you to 1 device. LastPass’s free version doesn’t come with emergency access and makes you choose between syncing passwords on desktop or mobile devices. And Avira Password Manager Free lacks password auditing and data breach monitoring.

With a top paid password manager, you’ll usually get access to extra features like password sharing, emergency access, and dark web monitoring. What’s more, most paid password managers usually allow you to store unlimited passwords on unlimited devices. Plus, if you get a paid password manager, you’re likely to receive better customer support — for instance, RoboForm’s free plan only includes 24/7 email support, while its paid plans provide access to priority email support and also add live chat and phone support.

Overall, I really only recommend using a free password manager to test the service before you buy it — ultimately, it’s much better to get a paid service, as it simply provides significantly better value.

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Do You Really Need a Third-Party Password Manager?

Some browsers and operating systems come with their own built-in password managers — for example, Apple has iCloud Keychain, and Chrome and Firefox provide access to their own password managers. These built-in options are very convenient, so why would you bother getting a third-party password manager?

I agree that built-in password managers are convenient, and I also understand that these services are enough for some people, as they provide basic functionality, like generating and auto-filling passwords.

That said, I’m not a fan of built-in password managers because they’re not secure, they lack helpful extra features, or they’re confusing to use. Here are some examples:

• Google’s password manager doesn’t require two-factor authentication when you want to view your passwords, so if someone gets access to your Google account, they can see all your passwords. What’s more, there’s no proof that this password manager uses end-to-end encryption, meaning Google could see your passwords — that’s terrible for your privacy!
• While Apple’s password manager is secure, it’s difficult to use because it doesn’t come with a dedicated app — instead, you access the password manager within your iOS or macOS’ device settings, which is really inconvenient.
• Firefox’s password manager doesn’t alert you if you’re using weak passwords, it lacks support for two-factor authentication, and it doesn’t enable the primary password by default — so if you forget to set up the primary password, anyone who has access to your browser can also access your passwords.

Premium third-party password managers like Dashlane, 1Password, and LastPass provide significantly better value, as they’re more secure and easier to use and come with tons of features that make it simpler to manage your passwords (like emergency access, which allows a trusted contact to access your account if you accidentally lose access to it). What’s more, these password managers have free plans or free trials, so you can use them free of charge just like a built-in password manager.

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Tips to Improve Password Safety in

Since free password managers come with limitations, they can’t % protect your passwords from all online threats — for example, Dashlane and LastPass’s free plans don’t include dark web monitoring (so they can’t alert you if your password is leaked on the dark web), and Avira Password Manager Free doesn’t come with password auditing (so it can’t notify you if you have weak or duplicate passwords).

That said, if you don’t want to get a paid password manager, a free service is good enough — but only as long as you also follow these password safety tips:

• Use a different password for each account. You should never reuse passwords for important accounts, like email, social media, or bank accounts — if a hacker manages to compromise your password, they can take over all of your accounts.
• Enable 2FA on your account. Most online services support 2FA logins, so I strongly recommend enabling it on your end. This way, even if a hacker manages to steal your password, they can’t compromise your account since they won’t have access to the 2FA codes generated on your device.
• Change compromised passwords. If you hear that a site you have an account on has suffered a data breach, I strongly recommend changing your password as soon as possible. You can also use the Have I Been Pwned tool to check if your passwords have been leaked online. If you use Dashlane’s free plan, it will show you which passwords have been compromised and alert you if your logins show up in a data breach.
• Use antivirus software. Password managers can protect you from fake sites, but they can’t prevent direct malware infections. Always use an antivirus program on your device to make sure malicious actors can’t use malware to compromise your logins — there are tons of top antivirus tools out there, but my favorite one is Norton because it has an advanced malware scanner and perfect malware detection rates, dark web monitoring, and ransomware protection.
• Avoid unsecure Wi-Fi networks. Cybercrminals can use unsecured networks (Wi-Fi hotspots that don’t require a password) to spy on your traffic, so they could steal your login credentials. If you have no choice but to use an unsecured network, make sure you connect to a VPN first, so that it makes your data unreadable — Dashlane’s paid plans include access to a very good VPN, but there are also a few free, safe VPNs on the market that you can use, like Proton VPN.
• Only access HTTPS sites. HTTPS websites encrypt all the data that is shared between them and your device — HTTP websites don’t do that, so the site owners could spy on your data (including your passwords).

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Doesn’t my device/browser already have a free password manager?

Browsers like Chrome and Firefox as well as mobile operating systems like Android and iOS have free built-in password managers, but they just aren’t as useful as third-party password managers. All third-party password managers provide better features and security than the ones already built into Chrome, iOS, and Android.

Free third-party password managers include a variety of unique features that aren’t on built-in password managers, like:

• Password auditing. If your passwords are simple and repetitive, it’s super easy for a hacker to crack your logins. Password auditing scans your entire vault for simple and repeated passwords — Dashlane has a password auditing tool that works as promised and is very intuitive.
• Two-factor authentication (2FA). Many password managers, like Dashlane and 1Password, are compatible with third-party authenticators which use a one-time password to verify your identity. This means that your password vault stays secure, even if your Master Password gets stolen.
• Secure encryption. Password managers use bit AES encryption, which is the same encryption used by banks and militaries around the world. Many built-in password managers don’t have as good encryption.
• Built-in authenticator. Products like LastPass and Avira Password Manager include a built-in authenticator, saving time when trying to log into 2FA-enabled websites.

Are free password managers good enough?

Free password managers have a lot of great features, but every free password manager has some limitations that will affect your user experience and security.

For example, Dashlane Free limits you to 1 device, which might not be enough for everyone. And LastPass Free doesn’t include emergency access, which means that no one else can access your account in the event of a crisis.

Paid password managers aren’t very expensive, and the best ones include dark web monitoring, encrypted chat and storage, unlimited password sharing, and emergency access in case you’re unable to access your account. Dashlane Premium even provides a surprisingly fast VPN!

Free password managers may be good enough for some people, but I still recommend paying a few bucks a month for a high-quality premium password manager.

Are third-party password managers safe?

Password managers are designed to protect all of your passwords, as well as credit card information and private notes. It can be scary to trust all of this sensitive information to one program, but password managers actually make you safer online. Here’s how:

• Secure encryption. Most password managers store your vault on their servers, which makes it easy to sync between devices. Before your data leaves your device, it’s encrypted using end-to-end bit AES encryption, which scrambles your data so thoroughly that it’s impossible to decipher.
• Zero-knowledge architecture. Good password managers are built using zero-knowledge architecture, meaning only you can access your stored data. Not even the password manager company or its developers can view your stored passwords or payment card details, which means even if the password manager company’s systems were hacked, no one could view or steal your information.
• Auto-fill. Hackers often steal user passwords using screen logging and keylogging spyware — this dangerous malware can record what’s happening on your screen, as well as every keystroke on your keyboard. By auto-filling your passwords, password managers keep your login data from being seen on your screen or entered into your keyboard.
• Password generators. If you aren’t using a password manager, then your passwords are probably easy for you to remember and easy for a hacker to crack. Password generators are built into every password manager, and they create completely random and complex passwords with tons of symbols, numbers, and letters that your password manager can easily remember, but which are super difficult to crack.

Password managers increase your security by protecting you from screen loggers, generating hyper-complex passwords, and protecting your data behind secure encryption. It’s much safer to use one of these password managers than to try and juggle all of your passwords on your own.

How do accounts get breached?

Password breaches most frequently happen because of user error. Passwords can be stolen using keylogging malware or cracked through brute force attacks — which throws thousands of passwords in the login field until one of them clicks.

LastPass allows you to protect your password vault using authenticator apps like Authy, which generate a temporary one-time password — you need both the one-time password and your Master Password to log into LastPass. This means that anybody using your Master Password to hack your vault remotely can’t do it without also having your physical device with the authenticator app on it.

Large websites can also succumb to data breaches — hackers will break into a company’s servers and release all of their users’ login information to the dark web. Hackers can then access your account on the breached site and use the information from your account to crack into more and more of your accounts. This is why it’s so important to use a password manager that provides breach notifications — like Dashlane, 1Password, and LastPass.

Is Apple’s built-in password manager safe to use?

Yes, Apple’s built-in password manager (called iCloud Keychain) is a safe password manager that’s available free of charge on iOS and macOS devices. It uses end-to-end encryption and a zero-knowledge architecture (so Apple doesn’t have access to your passwords).

Apple’s password manager can also generate strong passwords and store account passwords, credit card numbers, and WiFi passwords. What’s more, it comes with auto-filling, security auditing (alerts you if your passwords are weak, reused, or compromised in a data breach), and 2FA support for applications like Google Authenticator or Authy. And to access your passwords, you need to verify your identity using a passcode or biometric logins (FaceID on iOS and TouchID on macOS).

But while Apple’s built-in password manager is safe to use, it’s not as convenient or full-featured as top competitors like 1Password or Dashlane — here’s why:

• It only works on Apple devices, so you can’t securely share passwords with members of your family or friends who use Android smartphones and Windows or Linux computers.
• There’s no dedicated app for the password manager — instead, you access it inside your iOS or macOS device’s settings, which can be confusing.
• It’s missing emergency access, which lets a trusted user access your account if you lose access to it or can’t access it for any reason (Dashlane includes emergency access in its free plan).
• It can’t store passports, social security numbers, medical records, or reward schemes (like 1Password).

Is Google Password Manager safe to use?

Google Password Manager is free to use and auto-fills usernames, email addresses, and passwords, but it doesn’t offer the same level of security as the top password managers on my list. That’s because I couldn’t find any proof that Google Password Manager uses end-to-end encryption and zero-knowledge architecture (meaning Google could see your passwords, which is terrible for your privacy).

What’s more, Google Password Manager doesn’t allow secure sharing (if you want to share a password with someone, you need to find a different way to do it securely). I also don’t like that Google doesn’t require two-factor authentication when you want to view your passwords — so anyone who has access to your browser and your Google account password can see all your passwords!

Is Firefox Password Manager safe to use?

Firefox Password Manager is free to use and provides good security — it encrypts your passwords, generates strong passwords, auto-fills login credentials, and alerts you if your passwords have been leaked online. That said, I don’t think Firefox’s password manager is as good as the other top free password managers mentioned in this article (like 1Password or Dashlane).

My main issue with Firefox Password manager is that it doesn’t specify what type of encryption it uses (all top password managers use bit AES encryption). Also, Firefox claims that it can’t see your passwords if you enable Firefox Sync (a feature that syncs login data), but I couldn’t find any proof that Firefox uses zero-knowledge architecture.

And while Firefox has a primary password (you use it to access your logins), I don’t like that it’s not enabled by default — if you forget to set a primary password, anyone who has access to your browser can see your passwords. Firefox Password Manager is also missing other security features that are present in most top password managers, like secure sharing (securely shares login credentials with other users), password security auditing (alerts you if your passwords are weak or reused), and two-factor authentication support (adds an extra login step when you access your accounts to verify your identity).

The relatively new WordPress editor, also known as the WordPress Block Editor, always under development via the Gutenberg plugin, has been with us since You can use the block editor on any WordPress theme, provided the theme loads CSS that the blocks use. But there are new themes that lean into the Block Editor much more deeply.

WordPress Block Themes allow you to build out the entire site using blocks, meaning the theme’s responsibility is mostly design guidelines, and less about controlling the pages and the content on them. This is referred to as Full-Site Editing in WordPress and the themes that are built for this are called Block Themes, because you build out everything with blocks.

Let’s dig into all this.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Except for those who follow its day-to-day development iterations at GitHub, most development surrounding the block editor is largely visible to users — and that’s not necessarily a bad thing. I have been personally trying to keep myself updated with the block editor through WP Tavern and Gutenberg posts, and have been using both the legacy — or “Classic” editor — as well as the block editor in my personal learning project sites.

After taking a detour to learn and experience headless WordPress sites with Gatsby and Frontity frameworks, I am now back to my native WordPress home.

Though I have been aware of the WordPress theme-experiment GitHub repository for a while — themes made completely out of blocks! — I have only started digging into block themes recently. In fact, I have been using an experimental block-based theme here in this project site.

WordPress is now out in the wild and with it comes block-based theming for the masses. This release, dubbed Joséphine, is the formal introduction to WordPress full site editing and Block Themes.

Even though the block-based theming functionality has been available in various iterative forms in previous releases, this is a big deal for the WordPress platform and the ecosystem that relies on it. I’ve had my hands on it and thought I’d share what I’ve learned about block themes in my hands-on experience, as well as some personal thoughts on how it works.

Disclaimer: I am not a block themes expert by any stretch. I am well-versed in WordPress and a major fan of the content management system. My goal here is not to critique WordPress or steer you in the direction of whether or not you should like it or want to use it. I’m merely coming from the perspective of an open-minded learner who is building personal sites with fairly deep understanding and familiarity with the WordPress Block Editor.

Related terminology

Before we dive straight into block themes, I think it’s a good idea to form a baseline understanding of just what we’re talking about when we’re tossing around terms, like blocks and site editing, as they’re so incredibly new and game-changing relative to what we’ve known and loved about WordPress for decades.

Block Editor

This is really what we mean any time we refer to the “WordPress Editor.” We call the WordPress Editor the Block Editor because it allows us to create pages and posts where each element— including text, images, videos, headers, footers, etc. — is inserted into the post using blocks that can be arranged modularly to complete page layouts. It evolved from what’s now called the “classic” editor, which was more squarely based on entering content to be published on a page or post in a predefined layout.

It’s sort of like content and layout coming together, where both are managed in the WordPress Editor. So, where we used to rely on the editor for content and (more or less) theme templates to define layout, both are directly editable in the WordPress Editor interface.

You can find more detail here on using the Block Editor.

Block Theme

As explained in the WordPress docs:

A block theme is a WordPress theme with templates entirely composed of blocks so that in addition to the post content of the different post types (pages, posts, …), the block editor can also be used to edit all areas of the site: headers, footers, sidebars, etc.

This WordPress documentation provides an overview of block themes in its knowledgebase, including how to create block themes and stylingin this primer.

The bottom line: Block themes are different than “classic” WordPress themes. Rather than relying strictly on PHP files that conform to the WordPress Template Hierarchy, a WordPress Block Theme consists of block-based HTML templates — assembled groups of blocks that can be styled and arranged in the WordPress Site Editor (that’s coming up next) as well as using a file for global styling tokens.

Site Editor

This is the crown jewel of WordPress While it is officially called the WordPress Site Editor, it’s largely been referred to as Full-Site Editing** (FSE) during development and is described as “the cohesive experience that allows you to directly edit and navigate between various templates, template parts, styling options, and more.” Phew, that’s a lot!

The WordPress Site Editor allows us to create and editing templates that are made of blocks. So the idea is that we can assemble a group of blocks that can be applied globally to a site. Like a header component, for example. That might consist of blocks for a site logo, a primary menu, and a tagline. The site editor allows us to create a new block theme or modify an existing theme to give the site’s global appearance a completely new look without writing a line of code.

So, you know how you’ve had to build a theme in the past with a bunch of PHP templates? That’s no longer the case. Theme “development” now has a UI that’s available directly in WordPress.

More detail on using site editor is in the WordPress documentation.

The official WordPress Glossary has additional terms and definitions you may want to explore as we dig deeper into WordPress Block Themes and FSE.

Using the block editor with classic themes

The WordPress Block Editor can be used in both the classic and block themes. When the Gutenberg editor project began, the classic TinyMCE-based editor was detached from WordPress Core into the Classic Editor plugin. As long as the Classic Editor plugin is installed and active, content writing is pretty normal as it was before blocks were introduced.

Prior to the formal introduction of block editor features, we had to install the experimental Gutenberg plugin. By simply switching plugins, individual page or post contents could be created with either editor. The WordPress release introduced the block editor alongside the default Twenty Nineteen theme, demonstrating how to add block editor features and explore its power.

In other words, the evolution toward FSE has been building for a while. And because of that, we get to enjoy a high level of backwards compatibility that allows us all to adopt block-based features when we’re good and ready.

The anatomy of block-based themes

Experimental block-based themes have been in development since early At the time I’m writing this, the GitHub theme experiment repository lists 12 block themes that explore some aspect of creating themes using blocks or block templates.

But it was probably the Twenty Twenty-One theme that was the first “default” theme to make blocks a first-class citizen, introducing block styles and block patterns, though the recently updated versions of Twenty Nineteen, and Twenty Twenty also include bundled block styling and block patterns. Currently, there are more than themes from the community with bundled block editor patterns, block styles feature, including my favorite, Anders Noren’s Eksell theme.

With the ongoing development of the WordPress Block Editor’s FSE features, even more block-based themes are also being introduced.

So, what does the development of block-based themes mean for those of us who are deeply entrenched in the “classic” way of building WordPress themes? That’s what I want to look at in this section.

The file structure of block themes

In classic PHP-powered theming, markup elements are generated with PHP and JavaScript, while in block themes those templates are entirely composed of HTML blocks and structural CSS provided by the block editor. This might sound scary for lots of folks, but it’s easy to imagine just how liberating it is for others as it lowers the bar when it comes to developing a WordPress theme.

The structure of a block theme is drastically different from the classic WordPress Template Hierarchy that we all are used to. In classic PHP-based themes, page element markup has to be generated with PHP and JavaScript, whereas in block themes, the WordPress Core provides both the markup and basic styling. For example, the default Twenty Twenty-One theme contains 48 PHP files and 11 JavaScript files weighing in at MB. Its block-based sibling, the experimental TT1 Blocks theme, contains only four PHP files, one JavaScript file, and eight HTML files at MB.

A block theme structure can be very simple with just a few required files : , and . The following is a typical block theme file structure, pulled from the WordPress Editor Handbook:

• : Contains theme’s style sheet
• : Contains theme setup and may include additional files, enable an editor style sheet, and enqueue , if there are any
• : An empty file to switch to default file in case the block theme is activated without the WordPress Block Editor.
• : Optional configuration file used to enable or disable features and set default styles for both the website and blocks
• : Contains page templates that are composed of blocks. These files follow the same template hierarchy as traditional themes.
  • : The primary template to generate a post or page, analogous to in classic themes
  • : The template to generate single posts or pages
  • : The template to generate archive lists of posts
• : The common collections of blocks to be used in block templates
  • : The global header block
  • : The global footer block
  • : An optional global sidebar block

A list of theme blocks including that are specific to block themes is available in WordPress Block Editor Handbook.

Templates and template parts

Templates are basically group of assembled blocks that might include reusable block parts, like a site header or footer. Different blocks are used to compose a page template. For example, that might be a list of blog posts, a list of products, or even a widget.

Here’s an example of a block template pulled from the WordPress Block Editor Handbook.

Creating WordPress Block Themes

The WordPress Site Editor is now the primary tool for defining the look and feel of a WordPress website. You may be used to using the WordPress Customizer to do these things — and some themes have heavily tapped into that to do what the site editor is now designed to do.

So, no longer is the block editor for pages and posts; it’s the way WordPress themes are created.

I’m assuming that many of you have already used the block editor, and don’t really need a deep lesson on what it is or how to use it. That said, it’s worth poking at it a bit since it’s the impetus for everything related to WordPress theming moving forward, now that WordPress is in the wild.

In fact, when we talk about block editing and theming, yes, we’re talking about the block editor. But really what we’re talking about is the WordPress Site Editor.

The WordPress Site Editor interface

Even as an early adopter of the Gutenberg plugin, I find the experience of the site editor intimidating and frustrating. It changes frequently and often drastically with each new release. I am hopeful, though, that WordPress is a sort of line in the sand that helps stabilize that rocky feeling.

The site editor is accessed the same way you’re already used to accessing the WordPress Customizer. It’s located under Appearance in the dashboard menu, called Editor.

Let’s briefly walk-through the new Editor interface.

First, navigate to the site editor by clicking Appearance → Editor from the WordPress admin menu. That menu item may have a red “beta” label on it, like it currently does in WordPress

That takes you to the site editor, which displays either your homepage or post archive, depending on what you have your homepage set to in Settings → Reading. From there it sort of looks like the fullscreen version of the block editor when creating or editing a page or post. But click on the WordPress logo in the top-left of the screen, and a left panel opens up revealing the WordPress Site Editor and its menu to navigate between different parts of the site. This includes Site, Templates, and Template Parts.

Let’s click into Templates. This shows us a list of the available templates provided by the theme, complete with a description of each one and where it is registered (e.g. the parent or a child theme).

The other way to get to this screen is from the initial page we landed on when entering the site editor. Click the name of the template in the top admin bar to reveal a button that takes you directly to the same Templates screen.

Any of templates can be edited just like any page or post in the block editor. Let’s say I don’t like to have a featured image on my index page and want to remove it. Simply delete the featured image block and save the template.

The other key part of the site editor UI is a list view that outlines the current blocks that are placed in the template. This has been a feature in WordPress since the introduction of the block editor, but what’s new this time around is that you can open and close parent blocks that contain child blocks like an accordion. Not only that, but it supports dragging and dropping blocks to change the layout directly from there.

One more thing in the site editor UI: you can clear out customizations with the click of a button. From the Templates screen, click the kebob menu next to a template and select the option to Clear customizations. This is a nice way to reset and start from scratch, should you need to.

The WordPress Core team publishes regular updates on what’s new at Make WordPress Core. It’s worth bookmarking that to stay posted on the latest changes to the WordPress Block Editor and Site Editor.

Creating Templates and Template Parts

Templates, as you know, are core to WordPress theming. They enforce consistent and reusable layouts. That doesn’t change in WordPress And neither does the fact that we can create template parts that are like module pieces that can be used in multiple template, say a post query that lives in an archive template and the home template.

What’s different in WordPress is that they are created and managed with the site editor rather than PHP files that live in the theme folder.

The Block Editor Handbook lists three ways to create templates and template parts: (a) manually, by creating HTML files containing block markup, (b) using the site editor, and (c) using the template editing mode in the block editor.

Brief descriptions of creating template in the site editor and template editing mode are available in the Block Theme handbook. The WordPress allows to create a new template using editor mode.

The customized templates can then be exported to include in a block theme. So, yeah, we now have the ability to create a fully functioning WordPress theme without writing a line of code! The exported folder currently does not contain file, however there is a proposal over at GitHub to allow exporting both block themes and styles.

But for those who prefer working more closely with code, then manually creating WordPress templates and template parts is still a thing. You can still crack open a code editor and create HTML files containing block markup.

Global settings and styles ()

In classic themes, we write the styling rules in a file. In block themes, styling is more challenging because CSS comes from different sources (e.g. core blocks, themes, and users). WordPress introduced a concept of Global Styles — which is essentially a file — that, according to the docs, consolidate “the various APIs related to styles into a single point – a file that should be located inside the root of the theme directory.“

The file is said to have been designed to offer more granular styling structure for theme authors with options to manage and customize the CSS styles coming from various origins. For example, a theme author may set certain styling features that are hidden from users, define default colors, font sizes and other features available to the user, and may set the default layout of the editor as well. Plus, allows you to customize styling on a per-block basis. It’s powerful, flexible, and super maintainable!

The block editor is expected to provide all the basic styling that theme authors are allowed to customize style, as defined by the file. However, the file could get quite long for a complex theme, and currently there is no way to partition it in a more digestible way. There is a GitHub ticket to restructure it so that different files map to a folder. That would be a nice enhancement for developer experience.

The default Twenty Twenty-Two theme is a good example of how WordPress full-site editing features use for global settings and styling blocks.

WordPress Block Theme approaches

Maybe you’ve always made WordPress themes from scratch. Perhaps you’ve relied on the Underscores theme as a starting point. Or maybe you have a favorite theme you extend with a child theme. The new features of the WordPress Site Editor really change the way we make themes.

Following are a few emerging strategies for block-based theme development that are deeply integrated with the WordPress Site Editor.

Universal themes

The Automattic team has built a Blockbase universal theme that’s dubbed as a new way to build themes, sort of similar to the Underscoresstarter theme. The Blockbase theme provides temporary “ponyfill” styles that the block editor “does not yet take into account on ‘custom’ properties” and that may eventually become obsolete once the Gutenberg plugin fully matures and is integrated into WordPress Core.

Using the universal parent theme approach, the Automattic has already released eight Blockbase child themes, and several others are in progress over at GitHub.

Twenty Twenty-Two default theme

The Twenty Twenty-Two default theme is another excellent starting point, as it’s really the first WordPress theme that ships with WordPress that is designed to work with the site editor.

In my opinion, this theme is excellent for theme developers who are already familiar with FSE features to showcase what is possible. For others users who are not developers and are not familiar with FSE features, customizations it in the block editor, then exporting it as a child theme could be painfully frustrating and overwhelming.

Hybrid themes

The concept of “Hybrid” themes in the context of FSE is discussed in this GitHub ticket. The idea is to provide paths for any user to use the site or template editor to override traditional theme templates.

Justin Tadlock in this WP Tavern post predicts four types of themes — block only, universal, hybrid, and classic — and speculates that theme authors may split between “block themes and a mashup of classic/hybrid themes.”

Proof in the pudding is provided by Frank Klein in “What I Learned Building a Hybrid Theme”:

A hybrid theme mixes the traditional theming approach with full-site editing features. A key component here is the file. It offers more control over the block editor’s settings, and simplifies styling blocks. A hybrid theme can use block templates as well, but that’s optional.

Frank is the author of the Block-Based Bosco theme and has expanded further on what a “hybrid theme” is by creating a hybrid version of the default Twenty Twenty theme. The theme is available on GitHub. Currently, there are no hybrid themes in the WordPres Theme Directory.

At the time of writing, there are 47 block-based themes with FSE features available in the theme directory. As expected, this approach is widely varied.

For example, in this post, Aino block theme author Ellen Bower discusses how they converted their classic theme into a block theme, detailing what makes a theme a “block” theme. The file structure of this approach looks different from the standard block theme structure we covered earlier.

Another popular block theme, Tove by Andars Noren, is described as a flexible base theme that follows the standard block theme file structure.

There’s also a very simple single page proof of the concept theme by Carolina Nymark that contains nothing but a single called Miniblock OOAK. It’s already available in the theme directory, as is another one from Justin Tadlock that’s a work in progress (and he wrote up his process in a separate article).

Block Theme Generator app

Even though we’ve already established how friendly WordPress Block Themes are for non-developers, there are tools that help create complete block themes or merely a customized file.

David Gwyer, an Automattic engineer, has been working on a Block theme generator app which, at the time of writing, is in beta and available for testing by request.

In my brief testing, the app only allowed me to generate customized file. But Gwyer told to WP Tavern that the app isn’t fully baked just yet, but features are being added often. Once complete, this could be a very helpful resource for theme authors to create customized block themes.

Block themes that are currently in use

This Twitter thread from Carolina Nymark shows some examples of block themes that are live and in production at the time of this writing. In a recent Yoast article, Carolina listed a bunch of personal and business websites that use block themes.

Personal sites

Business sites

As I mentioned earlier, I also have been using a block theme for one of my personal websites for a while. The default Twenty Twenty-Two theme also currently shows more than 60, active installs, which tells me there are many more examples of block-based theme implementations in the wild.

Building Block Child Themes

Child theming is still a thing in this new era of WordPress blocks, though something that’s still in early days. In other words, there is no clear approach to do make a block-based child theme, and there are no existing tools to help at the moment.

That said, a few approaches for creating WordPress child block themes are emerging.

Create Blockbase Theme plugin

The Automattic team is working on a plugin called Create Blockbase Theme. This will make it fairly trivial to create child themes based on the Blockbase universal theme we talked about earlier. Ben Dwyer has discussed how theme authors can build Blockbase child themes with simple six steps and without writing a line of code.

I tested the plugin in my own local environment, making only small changes to my Blockbase theme install, and everything appeared to work. Just note that the plugin is still experimental and under development, though you can follow the roadmap to see what’s up.

Using an alternate file

Kjell Reigstad, author of the default WordPress Twenty Twenty-Two theme, demonstrates how swapping a single file with another file that contains different style configurations can change the look and feel of a block-based theme design.

Kjell has opened a pull request that shows off several experimental child themes that are available for testing at the GitHub theme-experiment GitHub repository.

Along these same lines, Ryan Welcher is in the process of developing a builder tool that will generate a customized file to facilitate non-coders to create similar child themes. More can be found in this WP Tavern post.

The Framboise child theme (available in theme directory) is an early example of that approach which includes only a single file.

Is there even a need for child themes?

Rich Tabor asks the question:

Indeed, a single file could serve as a child theme on its own. There is an ongoing discussion about allowing theme authors to ship multiple files with block themes that offer multiple global style variations. This way, a WordPress user could pick one of the variations to use on the site.

Some features of global style variations are already included in Gutenberg v 5 and expected to be available with WordPress

Some personal thoughts

I’d be remiss to end this without weighing in on all this from a personal level. I’ll do this briefly in a few points.

Block themes are a WordPress answer to Jamstack criticisms

Jamstack enthusiasts have lobbed criticisms at the WordPress platform, most notably that WordPress themes are bloated with PHP files. Well, that’s no longer the case with WordPress Block Themes.

We saw earlier how an entire theme can be a single file and a file. No bloat there. And nothing but markup.

I miss the WordPress Customizer

Especially the ability to inject custom code. From here on out, it’s going to require a deep level of familiarity with the WordPress Site Editor UI to accomplish the same thing.

Customizations a site is easy-peasy.

Customizing a classic theme — even something as minimal as changing fonts — can be difficult if you don’t know what you’re doing. That’s changed now with the site editor and the introduction of the file, where a theme can be customized (and even exported!) without writing a single line of code.

I still hold my opinion, though that the site editor interface is confusing. I think a pleasant user experience is a far ways off but looking forward to the next WordPress release for better user experience.

Barriers to designing themes is getting lower.

It’s less about PHP and template files, and more about developing patterns and creating content. That sounds exactly what a content management system should be designed to do! I am already excited with new features being considered for the WordPress release.

Resources

There is already a ton of other articles that cover WordPress Block Themes, full-site editing, and the block editor. And many of those came before WordPress was released!

So, in addition to this article, here’s a collection of others for you to consider as you begin or continue down your journey of WordPress blocks and site editing.

WordPress

Site editor and block themes

Selected blog posts

Other useful links

As expected in beta testing, the site editor is still intimating and confusing, nevertheless, I am finding it a fun to work with block themes. Indeed, I have been already modifying Twenty Twenty-Two as a child theme and plan to create style alternatives using single file.

Have you been using block themes in your project, if so, share your experience and thoughts; I love reading any comments and feedback!

Hey all. As mentioned previously, I recently had a requirement to install a Jamf Software Server onto a Windows Server on-premise. In case you didn&#;t notice, I&#;m a big fan of crib sheets and checklists to ensure that, in the heat of the moment, I&#;m not missing steps unknowingly.

This post is part-update, part-new version of my almost 2 year old Amsys post &#;Jamf Pro Server / Casper JSS Windows Upgrade Crib Sheet&#;. It&#;ll also pull from a few Jamf KB articles that are linked at the end.

It&#;s designed to act as a starting point for your own crib sheet / checklist for a fresh JSS install, as well as a possible basis for an upgrade crib sheet. It won&#;t go into all the customisations and options you may require for your environment so make sure to test everything and adapt as required. This also assumes you&#;ll be running the JSS on port and MySQL and Tomcat on the same server.

PLEASE NOTE: Before you touch anything, and at various points throughout, TAKE BACKUPS. I&#;m serious, they&#;ll get you out of trouble more times then you want and you&#;ll be glad each time.

Dates and Versions

In order to ensure this ages as gracefully as possible, I&#;m including dates and versions of the items used to build this guide. Please always check the KBs and your own notes in case of any changes required.

• Date drafted:
• JSS Version:
• Java Version:
• MySQL Version:

The Guide

Without further ado, lets get cracking

Installing Java and MySQL

1) Download the Windows .msi for Corretto Java from here

2) Run through the standard installer for Corretto Java

3) Download the MySQL Community Server bit MSI installer for Microsoft Windows from here

4) Launch the installer and pick &#;Server Only&#; for setup type and click Next

5) The installer will check the environment before continuing. If the &#;Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable&#; needs to be installed, it&#;ll let you know. If so, click &#;Execute&#; to install it. Click Next

6) Click Execute to start the install

7) Once complete, you&#;ll be taken through the initial configuration options

8) Select the &#;Standalone MySQL Server&#; option and click Next

9) Select &#;Server Computer&#; and click Next

10) Select the &#;Use Legacy Authentication Method (Retain MySQL 5.x Compatibility)&#; and click Next

11) Set a password for the MySQL root account and click Next. Ensure it&#;s a long and complex password and is recorded somewhere safe.

12) These should be set by default, but ensure the options for &#;Configure MySQL Server as a Windows Service&#;, &#;Start the MySQL Server at System Startup&#; and &#;Standard System Account&#; are enabled. Click Next.

13) Click &#;Execute&#; to apply the configuration

14) Click &#;Finish&#; to complete the install and close the installer.

Configuring MySQL

1) Stop the MySQL server (either via the command line, or via the &#;Services&#; Windows application).

2) Make a backup of the MySQL configuration file (normally found at )

3) Open this file in your preferred code editor (don&#;t forget about possible issues with Notepad, as discussed here!)

4) Find the line

5) Add the following on a new line below this:

6) Find the setting for

7) Edit this to a value appropriate for your server. The Jamf KB discusses this in detail but an example I&#;ve used initially is:

12GB Total Server RAM = 6GB for the Tomcat service, 2GB for the host OS, and so 4GB for the

8) Find the setting for and set this to

9) Save the file and restart MySQL

Create the MySQL Database

1) Launch the &#;MySQL Command Line Client&#;

2) Enter the MySQL root password we set above

3) Run the below command to create the Jamf Pro database, swapping out for the database name of your choosing.

4) Run the below command to create the JSS database user, swapping out for a username of your choosing, and for a long and complex password for this user. Ensure it&#;s recorded somewhere safe.

5) Grant this user access to the database, swapping in the values as before:

6) Exit the application

Jamf Pro Software Server Installation

1) Run the downloaded Jamf Pro Server installer .msi as the Local Administrator User (not a network user with local administration rights). Ensure to run a &#;complete&#; install

2) Once complete, stop the Tomcat service (either via the command line, or via the &#;Services&#; Windows application).

3) Find the Jamf delsacollection.com file (normally in )

4) Take a backup of this file and open it in your code editor of choice

5) Edit the , and with the values set when you created the MySQL Database

6) Save and close the file

7) Start the Tomcat service, and ensure the webpage loads as required.

8) Launch the Jamf Pro Server Tools from

9) Go to &#;Tomcat Settings&#; and find the &#;Tomcat maximum memory&#; field

10) Set this appropriately for your server (see &#;Configuring MySQL&#; &#; step 7 above)

11) Restart the Tomcat service.

Configure Database Backups

1) Launch the Jamf Pro Server Tools from

2) Go to &#;Scheduled Backups&#;

3) Configure this as required

Links

Summary

This post covers a template crib sheet / check list for a new Jamf Pro Server installation on Microsoft Windows Server. As always, if you have any questions, queries or comments, let me know below (or @daz_wallace on Mac Admins Slack) and I’ll try to respond to and delve into as many as I can.

Passwords are the most commonly used method for user authentication. Passwords are so popular because the logic behind them makes sense to people and they’re relatively easy for developers to implement.

However, passwords can also introduce security vulnerabilities. Password crackers are designed to take credential data stolen in a data breach or other hack and extract passwords from it.

What is password cracking?

A well-designed password-based authentication system doesn’t store a user’s actual password. This would make it far too easy for a hacker or a malicious insider to gain access to all of the user accounts on the system.

Instead, authentication systems store a password hash, which is the result of sending the password — and a random value called a salt — through a hash function. Hash functions are designed to be one-way, meaning that it is very difficult to determine the input that produces a given output. Since hash functions are also deterministic (meaning that the same input produces the same output), comparing two password hashes (the stored one and the hash of the password provided by a user) is almost as good as comparing the real passwords.

Password cracking refers to the process of extracting passwords from the associated password hash. This can be accomplished in a few different ways:

• Dictionary attack: Most people use weak and common passwords. Taking a list of words and adding a few permutations — like substituting $ for s — enables a password cracker to learn a lot of passwords very quickly.
• Brute-force guessing attack: There are only so many potential passwords of a given length. While slow, a brute-force attack (trying all possible password combinations) guarantees that an attacker will crack the password eventually.
• Hybrid attack: A hybrid attack mixes these two techniques. It starts by checking to see if a password can be cracked using a dictionary attack, then moves on to a brute-force attack if it is unsuccessful.

Most password-cracking or password finder tools enable a hacker to perform any of these types of attacks. This post describes some of the most commonly used password-cracking tools.

1. Hashcat

Hashcat is one of the most popular and widely used password crackers in existence. It is available on every operating system and supports over different types of hashes.

Hashcat enables highly-parallelized password cracking with the ability to crack multiple different passwords on multiple different devices at the same time and the ability to support a distributed hash-cracking system via overlays. Cracking is optimized with integrated performance tuning and temperature monitoring.

Download Hashcat here.

2. John the Ripper

John the Ripper is a well-known free open-source password cracking tool for Linux, Unix and Mac OS X. A Windows version is also available. 

John the Ripper offers password cracking for a variety of different password types. It goes beyond OS passwords to include common web apps (like WordPress), compressed archives, document files (Microsoft Office files, PDFs and so on), and more.

A pro version of the tool is also available, which offers better features and native packages for target operating systems. You can also download Openwall GNU/*/Linux that comes with John the Ripper.

Download John the Ripper here.

3. Brutus

Brutus is one of the most popular remote online password-cracking tools. It claims to be the fastest and most flexible password cracking tool. This tool is free and is only available for Windows systems. It was released back in October

Brutus supports a number of different authentication types, including:

• HTTP (basic authentication)
• HTTP (HTML Form/CGI)
• POP3
• FTP
• SMB
• Telnet
• IMAP
• NNTP
• NetBus
• Custom protocols

It is also capable of supporting multi-stage authentication protocols and can attack up to sixty different targets in parallel. It also offers the ability to pause, resume and import an attack.

Brutus has not been updated for several years. However, its support for a wide variety of authentication protocols and ability to add custom modules make it a popular tool for online password cracking attacks.

Get the Brutus password finder online here.

4. Wfuzz

Wfuzz is a web application password-cracking tool like Brutus that tries to crack passwords via a brute-force guessing attack. It can also be used to find hidden resources like directories, servlets and scripts. Wfuzz can also identify injection vulnerabilities within an application such as SQL injection, XSS injection and LDAP injection.

Key features of the Wfuzz password-cracking tool include:

• Injection at multiple points in multiple directories
• Output in colored HTML
• Post, headers and authentication data brute-forcing
• Proxy and SOCK support, multiple proxy support
• Multi-threading
• HTTP password brute-force via GET or POST requests
• Time delay between requests
• Cookie fuzzing

5. THC Hydra

THC Hydra is an online password-cracking tool that attempts to determine user credentials via brute-force password guessing attack. It is available for Windows, Linux, Free BSD, Solaris and OS X.

THC Hydra is extensible with the ability to easily install new modules. It also supports a number of network protocols, including Asterisk, AFP, Cisco AAA, Cisco auth, Cisco enable, CVS, Firebird, FTP, HTTP-FORM-GET, HTTP-FORM-POST, HTTP-GET, HTTP-HEAD, HTTP-PROXY, HTTPS-FORM-GET, HTTPS-FORM-POST, HTTPS-GET, HTTPS-HEAD, HTTP-Proxy, ICQ, IMAP, IRC, LDAP, MS-SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, Oracle Listener, Oracle SID, Oracle, PC-Anywhere, PCNFS, POP3, POSTGRES, RDP, Rexec, Rlogin, Rsh, SAP/R3, SIP, SMB, SMTP, SMTP Enum, SNMP, SOCKS5, SSH (v1 and v2), Subversion, Teamspeak (TS2), Telnet, VMware-Auth, VNC and XMPP.

Download THC Hydra here. 

If you are a developer, you can also contribute to the tool’s development.

6. Medusa

Medusa is an online password-cracking tool similar to THC Hydra. It claims to be a speedy parallel, modular and login brute-forcing tool. It supports HTTP, FTP, CVS, AFP, IMAP, MS SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, POP3, PostgreSQL, pcAnywhere, rlogin, SMB, rsh, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, SVN, VNC, VmAuthd and Telnet.

Medusa is a command-line tool, so some level of command-line knowledge is necessary to use it. Password-cracking speed depends on network connectivity. On a local system, it can test 2, passwords per minute.

Medusa also supports parallelized attacks. In addition to a wordlist of passwords to try, it is also possible to define a list of usernames or email addresses to test during an attack.

Read more about this here.

Download Medusa here.

7. RainbowCrack

All password-cracking is subject to a time-memory tradeoff. If an attacker has precomputed a table of password/hash pairs and stored them as a “rainbow table,” then the password-cracking process is simplified to a table lookup. This threat is why passwords are now salted: adding a unique, random value to every password before hashing it means that the number of rainbow tables required is much larger.

RainbowCrack is a password cracking tool designed to work using rainbow tables. It is possible to generate custom rainbow tables or take advantage of preexisting ones downloaded from the internet. RainbowCrack offers free downloads of rainbow tables for the LANMAN, NTLM, MD5 and SHA1 password systems.

Download rainbow tables here.

A few paid rainbow tables are also available, which you can buy from here.

This tool is available for both Windows and Linux systems.

Download RainbowCrack here.

8. OphCrack

OphCrack is a free rainbow table-based password cracking tool for Windows. It is the most popular Windows password cracking tool but can also be used on Linux and Mac systems. It cracks LM and NTLM hashes. For cracking Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, free rainbow tables are also available.

A live CD of OphCrack is also available to simplify the cracking. One can use the Live CD of OphCrack to crack Windows-based passwords. This tool is available for free.

Download OphCrack here.

Download free and premium rainbow tables for OphCrack here.

9. L0phtCrack

L0phtCrack is an alternative to OphCrack. It attempts to crack Windows passwords from hashes. For cracking passwords, it uses Windows workstations, network servers, primary domain controllers and Active Directory. It also uses dictionary and brute-force attacks for generating and guessing passwords. It was acquired by Symantec and discontinued in Later, L0pht developers again reacquired it and launched L0phtCrack in

L0phtCrack also comes with the ability to scan routine password security scans. One can set daily, weekly or monthly audits, and it will start scanning at the scheduled time.

Learn about L0phtCrack here.

Aircrack-ng

Aircrack-ng is a Wi-Fi password-cracking tool that can crack WEP or WPA/WPA2 PSK passwords. It analyzes wireless encrypted packets and then tries to crack passwords via the dictionary attacks and the PTW, FMS and other cracking algorithms. It is available for Linux and Windows systems. A live CD of Aircrack is also available.

Aircrack-ng tutorials are available here.

Download Aircrack-ng here.

How to create a password that’s hard to crack

In this post, we have listed 10 password-cracking tools. These tools try to crack passwords with different password-cracking algorithms. Most of the password cracking tools are available for free. So, you should always try to have a strong password that is hard to crack. These are a few tips you can try while creating a password.

• The longer the password, the harder it is to crack: Password length is the most important factor. The complexity of a brute force password guessing attack grows exponentially with the length of the password. A random seven-character password can be cracked in minutes, while a ten-character one takes hundreds of years.
• Always use a combination of characters, numbers and special characters: Using a variety of characters also makes brute-force password-guessing more difficult, since it means that crackers need to try a wider variety of options for each character of the password. Incorporate numbers and special characters and not just at the end of the password or as a letter substitution (like @ for a).
• Variety in passwords: Credential stuffing attacks use bots to test if passwords stolen from one online account are also used for other accounts. A data breach at a tiny company could compromise a bank account if the same credentials are used. Use a long, random, and unique password for all online accounts.

What to avoid while selecting your password

Cybercriminals and password cracker developers know all of the “clever” tricks that people use to create their passwords. A few common password mistakes that should be avoided include:

1. Using a dictionary word: Dictionary attacks are designed to test every word in the dictionary (and common permutations) in seconds.
2. Using personal information: A pet’s name, relative’s name, birthplace, favorite sport and so on are all dictionary words. Even if they weren’t, tools exist to grab this information from social media and build a wordlist from it for an attack.
3. Using patterns: Passwords like , , qwerty and asdfgh are some of the most commonly used ones in existence. They’re also included in every password cracker’s wordlist.
4. Using character substitutions: Character substitutions like 4 for A and $ for S are well-known. Dictionary attacks test for these substitutions automatically.
5. Using numbers and special characters only at the end: Most people put their required numbers and special characters at the end of the password. These patterns are built into password crackers.
6. Using common passwords: Every year, companies like Splashdata publish lists of the most commonly used passwords. They create these lists by cracking breached passwords, just like an attacker would. Never use the passwords on these lists or anything like them.
7. Using anything but a random password: Passwords should be long, random, and unique. Use a password manager to securely generate and store passwords for online accounts.

Conclusion

Password-cracking tools are designed to take the password hashes leaked during a data breach or stolen using an attack and extract the original passwords from them. They accomplish this by taking advantage of the use of weak passwords or by trying every potential password of a given length.

Password finders can be used for a variety of different purposes, not all of them bad. While they’re commonly used by cybercriminals, security teams can also use them to audit the strength of their users’ passwords and assess the risk of weak passwords to the organization.

Posted: September 25,

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